Individual Accountability:

- A successful group is dependent on each member's ability to
  show that he or she has learned the given material

- Student achievement is higher when group success depends
  on a combined score of all group members rather than a
  when a single worksheet is submitted

Positive Interdependence:

- The success of the group depends upon the members' ability
   to work together to achieve desired results
   (i.e. recognition, grades)

-  Asking students to collaborate is not enough - students must
   be taught intentionally
 

David W. Johnson is Professor of Educational Psychology and
Roger T. Johnson is Professor of Curriculum and Intruction;
both are Co-Directors of the Cooperative Learning Center, University of Minnesota